1984 And Brave New World Essays - Social Science Fiction

1984 And Brave New World In Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four and Huxley's Brave New World, the authoritative figures strive for freedom, peace, and stability for all, to develop a utopian society. The Utopian society strives for a perfect state of well-being for all persons in the community, and over-emphasizes this factor, where no person is exposed to the reality of the world. As each novel progresses we see that neither society possesses family values nor attempts to practice them. Neither are passionate nor creative in factors such as love, language, history and literature. Our society today, in general, is unsure about the future: The nightmare of total organization has emerged from the safe, remote future and is now awaiting us, just around the next corner. It follows inexorably from having so many people. This quotes represents Watts' fear for the future; George Orwell and Aldous Huxley both explore the future state of civilization in their novels. They both warn us of the dangers of a totalitarian society. Both books express a utopian ideal, examine characters that are forced into this state and are compelled to dealing with this society and all the rules involved. The impracticality of the utopian ideal is explored in Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four and Huxley's Brave New World. Both authors suggest that a lack of familial bonds, the repression of human individuality, and the repression of artistic and creative endeavors in order to attain a stable environment renders the achievement of a perfect state unrealistic. The lack of familial bonds, in both novels, contributes to the development of a dystopian society. This lack of familial bonds is evident through genetic engineering, the use of names, and a commonly used drug, soma. One of the first mentionings of family in Brave New World is when the main character, Bernard, asks the Controller, the ultimate leader, about the past and why their society does not believe in families. His response suggests that authoritative figures do not believe that there is need for a mother in society and therefore, the Controller responds, "Mother, he repeated loudly rubbing in the science; and, leaning back in his chair, these, he said gravely are unpleasant facts; I know it. But then most historical facts are unpleasant." The disregard for mothers as a valuable figure in life contributes to the lack of familial bonds. In Huxley's Brave New World, human life is conceived in a bottle; the embryo no longer grows in the mother's womb, and therefore no bond is formed between the mother and the baby. There are ?bottle births' rather than the birth of a baby from it's mother. There are also conditioning centers, which become a home for all children for their entire childhood. In such circumstances, one does not receive the special attention that you would receive from a family. Since they do not have family, they do not receive love during their upbringings, therefore the products of this society do not develop the values of love nor do they respect themselves as sexual beings. Orwell's choice in naming the Party's leader, ?Big Brother' in Nineteen Eighty-Four, gives the reader the impression that all of Oceania is like a huge family. There are no smaller individual families, which results in this society's lack of close and intimate relationships. The first description Orwell gives to his audience of Big Brother is, " ...standing like a rock against the hordes of Asia...doubt about his very existence, seemed like some sinister enchanter, capable by the mere power of his voice of wrecking the structure of civilization." This first impression of ?Big Brother' is a frightening and violent image. It leads families to believe that he is a poor role-model in depicting what the word ?brother' really stands for. "The word ?brother' is the name that one would use in a family. The Big Brother, the Great Leader in Oceania, contributes to the lack of family values and the corruptness of the Party. It is not a justice comparison." Using Big Brother's name so often takes away from the family ideal and begins to weaken family relationships. The use of soma, the perfect drug, acts as a negative replacement for familial bonds. When an individual cannot cope with the daily stresses of life they rely on soma, to turn their stress into an illusion. This acts as a substitute to dealing with their problems, rather than relying on family for support or advice. Soma is an"euphoric, narcotic, pleasantly hallucinant... a holiday from reality." It leaves the individual with unresolved issues and results in an illusioned

Definition and Examples of Group Genitives in English

Definition and Examples of Group Genitives in English Definition In English grammar, the group genitive is a  possessive construction (such as the man next doors cat) in which the clitic  appears at the end of a noun phrase whose final word is not its head or not its only head. Also called a  group possessive or phrasal possessive. Group genitive constructions are more common in everyday speech than in formal writing. Examples and Observations I am sitting here in my apartment, recording the guy next doors activities for my best friend, who is engaged.(Meg Cabot, Boy Next Door. Avon Books, 2002)Joona takes out his mobile and calls Ronny again. Sweet Home Alabama begins to play in the man with the boyish hairs pocket . . .(Lars Kepler, The Hypnotist. Trans. by Ann Long. Picador, 2011)Liza Minnellis . . . powerhouse, saucer-eyed renditions of Money, Money and Maybe This Time are the best evidence there is of the future drag-queen patron saints phenomenal talent.(Chris Nashawaty, review of Cabaret on Blu-Ray. Entertainment Weekly, February 8, 2013)A shoeshine boy came in with the news that a porter in the building had broken his leg. The fellow that washes the windows? somebody asked. No, sir, said the lad, the fellow that washes the windows brother.(E.B. White. The New Yorker, January 21, 1939)I was the kid next doors imaginary friend.(American comedian Emo Philips) Origin of the Group Genitive The group-genitive construction, as in King Priam of Troys son and The Wife of Baths Tale, is a development of the early Modern English period. Group in the term for this construction refers to the fact that the genitive -s is added, not to the noun to which it relates most closely, but rather to whatever word ends a phrase including such a noun. . . . He is the woman who is the best friend this club has ever hads husband is an extreme example from Gracie Allen, an early radio and television comedian noted for her confusing speech.(John Algeo and Thomas Pyles, The Origins and Development of the English Language, 6th ed. Wadsworth, 2010) Guidelines for Using the Group Genitive To a mind trained exclusively in Latin (or German) grammar such English constructions as the Queen of Englands power, or he took somebody elses hat, must seem very preposterous; the word that ought to be in the genitive case (Queen, somebody) is put in the nominative or accusative, while in the one instance England, whose power is not meant, and in the other even an adverb, is put in the genitive case. . . .It will not be easy to lay down fully definite and comprehensive rules for determining in which cases the group genitive is allowable and in which the s has to be affixed to each member; the group construction is, of course, easiest when one and the same name is common to two persons mentioned (Mr. and Mrs. Browns compliments), or when the names form an inseparable group (Beaumont and Fletchers plays; Macmillan Co.s publications). On the whole, the tendency is toward using the group genitive, whenever no ambiguity is caused by it.(Otto Jespersen, Progress in Language, 1909) Guidelines for Using Joint Possessives Where two or more distinct persons, animals, etc., are in the genitive, the group genitive applies only when there is joint possession, responsibility, relationship, as in William and Marys reign and Jack, Tom, and Marys uncle. If two separate possessions or other relationships are concerned, each noun must clearly be shown in the genitive.(Eric Partridge, You Have a Point There, Routledge, 1978) For joint possession, an apostrophe goes with the last element in a series of names. If you put an apostrophe with each element in the series, you signal individual possession. E.g.:John and Marys house. (Joint)Johns and Marys houses. (Individual)America and Englands interests. (Joint)Americas and Englands interests. (Individual) In the last two examples, interests is plural (regardless of the possessives)) merely as a matter of idiom: we typically refer to Americas interests, not Americas interest. With pronouns, each element is always possessive (your and his time share).(Bryan A. Garner, Garners Modern American Usage. Oxford University Press, 2009) Also See Compound NounsGenitiveGrammatical Oddities That You Probably Never Heard About in SchoolStructure-Dependency

Class Dialogue Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

Class Dialogue - Assignment Example The fraternity encourages and supports people called by communities to spread their thoughts to victims and prisoners working closely with the systems of criminal justice. The reflections need to be used in assessment of how the system needs to be restorative and less retributive. The bishop’s mission is to comfort the victims and those communities that are directly or indirectly threatened by crime. The clergies further challenge the Catholics to take part in restoring communities and societies in wholeness. According to this source, the Bishops are normally guided by teachings of paradoxical teachings on punishment and crime. The fraternity will not tolerate the violence and crime that threatens the dignity and lives of their brothers and sisters. They have also promised never to leave behind on those not within their stand. Their objective is to seek mercy and justice on those involved. By working together, it is believed that their faith will call them to safeguard and protect the safety of the public, promoting common good, and restoring the society. The ethic responsibility, restoration, and rehabilitation of the Catholics are to be the basic for necessary reforms of criminal justice systems that are broken. According to the reading, the Catholic community has always been on the forefront in shaping the issues of criminal justice and crime in United State and they have responded to those criminal justices in various ways. This has been facilitated by programs such as prison ministry programs, catholic schools, and justice offices. This quote argues that the faith of Catholics can help people to go beyond the present debate and gain deep comprehension of how people can reject crime, heal the victims, and pursue the conventional good. People need to shift from the tough and soft approaches to punishment and crimes provided by those at different political spectrum. According to history, the prison system in United

Diversity Consciousness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Diversity Consciousness - Essay Example This paper will mainly talk about importance of diversity conscious, how to develop it, success barriers, overcoming barriers, and conclusion. Diversity consciousness is basic recognition that work places and communities in America are being more diverse. Being aware of its impact make a company be in a position to take advantage of its benefits and counteract conflicts that may arise if individuals with various backgrounds meet. Diversity consciousness has various importance. To start with, it enhances skills of diversity. Another importance is that it expands an individual’s horizon and also, empowers the individual. Diversity consciousness strengthens an individual’s social network and boost personal growth. It stresses on importance of education of oneself in diversity area and sees this education as a continuing process instead of an event. It also direct a learner on how developing process of diversity consciousness need commitment, patience, and evaluation. Diversity consciousness, provides a realistic and in depth perspective to diversity all learners will associate with regardless of where they come from and explores a variety of emerging diversity and traditional issues in a readable manner (Deissler, 2011) It is a worker’s right to do work in a place where diversity is given respect. These employees develop conscious to maintain this kind of environment via diversity training. In order to develop diversity consciousness, management team should be assisted to develop a training program that is better, which supports policies at work place regarding diversity (Katherine, 2008) All things come from leadership. In case a problem arises in a team, always, a leader must have faulted. Chances are that there is limited communication or no communication at all. For instance, if a leader does not communicate on how he/she

Assistant Accountant at Mefic Capital company Assignment

Assistant Accountant at Mefic Capital company - Assignment Example nd Corporate Governance Mechanisms in Saudi Arabia I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background In this study the capital structure and the mechanism of corporate governance in Saudi Arabia would be discussed. The motive behind choosing Saudi Arabia is that I did my internship from MEFIC Capital Saudi Arabia, so it would be an added advantage for me in investigating the financial environment of the country. Moreover, my major is in Finance, which is why I have chosen to focus and explore the capital structure and governance mechanism. Discussion on corporate governance and capital structure has always been a challenge for the academic researchers in finance and accounting. 1.2 Research Objective The objective of this research study has been developed keeping in mind the issues to be considered for the study, learning outcomes and stream of study. 1. To identify diverse capital structure in Saudi Arabia and their implications 2. To identify the relationship between diverse capital structure and cor porate governance in the firms in Saudi Arabia. 1.3 Research Question What is the relationship between the capital structure of firms in Saudi Arabia with the external and internal corporate governance? II: LITERATURE REVIEW In this research paper, the discussion would be related to the capital structure decisions of the firms in Saudi Arabia and its association to the external and internal corporate governance system, which is generally considered to be one of the primary drivers in decisions related to capital structures. Various researches prior to this suggest that the capital structure is based on corporate governance decisions. Theories suggest that the size of the firm and profitability is negatively related to the debt equity ratio of the firm. These findings are in line with the... Various researches prior to this suggest that the capital structure is based on corporate governance decisions. Theories suggest that the size of the firm and profitability is negatively related to the debt equity ratio of the firm. These findings are in line with the agency theory, transaction cost theory or pecking order theory. It was found that the there is a negative relationship between debt equity ratio and market to book ration in case of assets, which also reveals that it is conflicting with the agency theory. On the other hand, in European countries tangibility has a positive relationship with the choice of capital structure and it is consistent with the agency theory. This study aims at discussing and analysing the capital structure with regards to corporate governance in Saudi Arabia. A quantitative analysis would be done to identify the relationship between capital structure and corporate governance, so as to identify an accurate association between these two major aspec ts in financial environment of Saudi Arabia. For this purpose a multiple regression analysis would be done for this study. A sample of 5-8 firms in Saudi Arabia in the securities market would be considered to conduct the study.

Health Public Service Advertising Campaigns Health And Social Care Essay

Health Public Service Advertising Campaigns Health And Social Care Essay The flurry of advertisements associated with public service campaigns raises several questions regarding its worth and effectiveness. Public service advertisements (PSA) or announcements are promotional material that addresses problems assumed to be of general concern to citizens at large. PSA typically attempt to increase public awareness of such problems and their possible solutions, and in many instances also try to influence public beliefs, attitudes, and behavior concerning them (OKeefe, 1990). Most of the PSA deal with health of personal safety topics, including alcohol and drug abuse, preventive health care, traffic safety, nutrition etc. Some PSA also include environmental issues, educational and literacy issues, consumer issues, and general humanitarian concerns like hygiene and cleanliness issues. Mass media audiences are generally attentive and give positive reactions to such advertisements. Healthcare in India is the responsibility of constituent states and territories of India. The Constitution charges every state with raising of the level of nutrition and the standard of living of its people and the improvement of public health as among its primary duties. The National Health Policy was endorsed by the Parliament of India in 1983 and updated in 2002. Health related public service campaigns are the advertising campaigns that are run by the government to create awareness among public about diseases which are very dangerous. The Government of India has introduced various health programme and policies to improve the Indian citizens standard of living. Government chooses number of mediums to reach to the masses. For this the government uses television, newspaper, hoardings and radio. Sometimes rallies are also organized to create awareness among people. The example of these kind of campaigns are AIDS awareness campaign run by the government under the banner of national AIDS control organization (NACO), Campaign for tuberculosis, malaria and polio are other examples. Sometimes famous celebrities are taken in the advertisements to create more impact. The study has been undertaken with an objective to measure the effectiveness of health related public service advertisement campaigns which are run by the government of India. The study included three campaigns which are malaria, tuberculosis and AIDS, Over the years, an increasing level of insecticide-resistance has developed in the malarial vectors in many parts of the country, while the incidence of the more deadly P-Falciparum Malaria has risen to about 50 percent in the country as a whole. In respect of TB, the public health scenario has not shown any significant decline in the pool of infection amongst the community, and there has been a distressing trend in the increase of drug resistance to the type of infection prevailing in the country. A new and extremely virulent communicable disease HIV/AIDS has emerged on the health scene. As there is no existing therapeutic cure or vaccine for this infection, the disease constitutes a serious threat, not merely to public health but to economic development in the country also. (NHP 2002) Literature Review Public service advertising (PSA) campaigns are widespread around the Globe. Public service announcements are a type of advertising, sponsored by either government agencies or other organizations, to promote causes and activities generally considered socially desirable (Garbett, 1981). PSAs use paid as well as donated media for creating awareness for social issues. Such advertising is generally produced and distributed on a cooperative basis by governmental agencies or nonprofit organizations working in cooperation with private advertising and mass media companies. Generally the content or programming, while the participating advertising agency and media companies provide creative services, media planning and dissemination services on a not for profit basis. Studies have found no distinction in the effectiveness with the either type of media. Based on self-reported behavior from sample surveys and official count s of incapacitating and fatal highway accidents, in three market field ex periments comparing the effectiveness of Paid versus Donated Media in decreasing youth male drinking and driving, the study found both type of media strategies to be equally effective (Murry Jr., 1996). The placement of PSAs has long been debated and earlier studies reveal that most of the PSAs were being placed during non-prime time especially between 7am to 6pm on weekdays (Hannmen et al, 1973). However recent analysis of advertising pattern indicates more favorable time distribution. Same pattern has been observed in India also. In a study to explore effects of message framing of health advertisements and individual differences in temporal orientation on consumer risk perceptions, attitude, and behavioral intentions, Consumers temporal orientation moderates ad-framing effects related to goal pursuit strategies. The study demonstrates that a fit between a goal pursuit strategy (GPS) manipulation in the ad and consumers chronic regulatory focus increases the effectiveness of the advertisement, but the regulatory fit effect is moderated by temporal orientation (Kees, 2010). Exposure to the PSA had no discernible effects on HIV-related knowledge, but did affect perceptions. Compared with an unexposed control group, students exposed to the PSA estimated seeing more HIV- and AIDS-related PSAs and rated the usefulness of TV PSAs lower, at the same time were more likely to rate their chances of contracting HIV as low or none. The respondents expressed less desire to obtain more information. The use of an all-mnemonic phone number resulted in a threefold increase in recall of the CDC National AIDS Hotline phone number, but did not affect intentions to call. Overall, the results reaffirm the importance of deploying strategies that go beyond reliance on either a single PSA or TV PSAs alone to affect knowledge, perceptions, or intentions (Nowak, 1993). A study to judge effectiveness of PSAs found that it is necessary to conduct empirical research to determine the critical variables influencing a given behavior also there is a need to critically evaluate the potential effectiveness of a given PSA. As all PSAs might not be equally effective and some even might have negative effect. To be effective the PSA need to provide new information and perceived as realistic (Fishbein, 2002). Public service campaigns are often developed without prior assessment of target audience felt needs and perceptions; audience are not segmented into subgroups indicated by these characteristics, and message and material development proceeds without pretesting the effect of such factors as message clarity, appeals or presenters with target audience (Bratic, 1981). Although testing message in pre-finished form, the producer can identify and correct, potential weaknesses and corrections would be time and budget affordable. In absence of a standardized Health message testing service, effectiveness needs to be checked through post testing. Studies like this one can offer implications for theory, as well as for creators of public service advertising campaigns. North Coast Area Health Service (NCAHS) conducted a seven week television advertising campaign to raise community awareness of the availability of free adult pneumococcal vaccination and to increase coverage among North Coast residen ts. Effectiveness of the campaign was evaluated by examining vaccine ordering patterns of North Coast vaccination providers keeping previous year as a base. In the months during and immediately following the advertising campaign, a significantly higher proportion of vaccines were dispatched to North Coast immunization service providers (Wallace, 2008). An intervention approach using culturally sensitive mass media messages to enhance protective beliefs and behavior of African American adolescents at risk for HIV is suggested by Romer, 2009. This approach exploits the potential that mass media messages have, not only to reach a large segment of the adolescent population and thereby support normative change, but also to engage the most vulnerable segments of this audience to reduce HIV-associated risk behaviors. This study provides further evidence that if a media campaign achieves high exposure and is developed on the basis of careful formative research; it can be an effective HIV-pr evention tool for reaching high-risk youth within communities that need them the most. PSAs containing strong verbal claims are rated as more effective than those with weak claims. Arousing messages with weak claims are perceived as least effective. Surprisingly in this study increasing claim strength increased memory for negative but not for positive messages. It is suggested that the combination of intense emotional appeal and weak claims may be partially responsible for the boomerang effects in antidrug campaigns (Lang, 2008). In a study to investigate the consequences of using national celebrities, local celebrities and disaster victims as spokespersons in a public service radio announcement (PSA) soliciting contributions for victims of Hurricane Katrina, it was found that the hurricane victim was the most credible and believable spokesperson. The national celebrity, Ashlee Simpson, was the least credible and the least believable. The local celebrity was more credible and believ able than the national celebrity, but no more so than the hurricane victim (Toncar, 2007). No studies were found in Indian context regarding effectiveness of PSA. An attempt is being made to explore this area through this empirical study. Research Design Research Objective To Study the effectiveness of Public Service Awareness Campaigns in diseases such as Malaria , T.B. AIDS. Methodology The present investigations were descriptive in nature with survey being used as the major research approach. The study used survey method of obtaining information, which is based on the interrogation of respondents through a structured questionnaire. Scope of the study Being self-funded the study was confined to Ahmedabad city of India. The city is one of the most important urban centers of country and represents diversity of India. Sampling Plan The Population: The study is carried out in Ahmedabad city of India. The total urban population of city becomes population for the study. Sampling Unit: Sampling units for the study is individual. From the above population, all the respondents who have seen any of the selected advertisements for the study were defined as sampling unit for the purpose of the study. Sampling technique: Non probability convenience sampling was used. Care was taken to make the sample representative of the actual population. Size of the Sample: Respondents for the study were 150. Instrument for data collection For data collection a survey using a structured questionnaire was conducted. To Measure effectiveness a questionnaire consisting of open and close ended questions was used. The questionnaire included scale developed by-Leavitt, Clark. (1970). A Multidimensional Set of Rating Scales for Television Commercials, Journal of Applied Psychology, 54, 427-429, to judge effectiveness of advertisements apart from other open and close ended questions regarding use of celebrities and other executional aspects of the advertisements. The comprehensive scale gives effectiveness of Advertisements using Forty Five items with eight dimensions like Energetic, Amusing, Personal Relevance, Authoritative, sensual, Familiarity, Novel and Disliked. Results Recall of the advertisements Advertisement of AIDS was highest watched followed by TB and Malaria. Suitable Media Best suited media for creating awareness through PSAs was found to be Television followed by Print. Road shows or rally were not found to be very effective media for communicating health related social issues. Impact of Celebrity/ Religious leaders People strongly agreed to impact of Celebrity and Religious Leaders in creating awareness through PSAs (Mean 3.84). In terms of source credibility i.e. effectiveness of Celebrity endorsers in PSAs, Mean score for Attractiveness (4.50) was highest followed by Trustworthiness (3.93) and Expertise (3.61). It implies that popular celebrities are helpful in drawing attention of masses towards the campaign. Merely appearance in the advertisement increases the recall of the advertisement and thus increasing effectiveness of PSA. Useful Information Communicated by the campaign As evident from high mean score (3.37), people do believe that they gain useful information from the PSAs. Effectiveness of Advertisements To judge the effectiveness 45 item Levitts reaction profile was used. The scale has eight dimensions giving effectiveness of the advertisements. Responses were collected on a 5 point scale where 1 indicated does not fit and 5 indicated fits extremely well. The scores for last dimensions were reverse coded to judge overall effectiveness of the advertisements. As can be seen scores for personal relevance, familiarity and disliked (reverse coded) are higher. Thus it can be inferred that the respondents find advertisement to be meaningful and relevant as well as they have seen those advertisements many times indicating familiarity with the advertisements. The score for Disliked dimensions were high (reverse coded) indicating people liked the public service advertisements. TABLE 1: EFFECTIVENSS OF PUBLIC SERVICE ADVERTISEMENTS (LEVITTS REACTION PROFILE) Effectiveness of PSA Dimension Mean score TB Malaria AIDS Energetic 2.48 2.58 2.62 Amusing 2.52 2.43 2.46 Personal Relevance 3.43 3.36 3.46 Authoritative 2.74 2.73 2.85 Sensual 2.53 2.61 2.76 Familiarity 3.10 3.09 3.27 Novel 2.88 2.80 2.82 Disliked 3.65 3.61 3.60 Overall Mean 2.90 2.89 2.96 Factor Analysis: There are two preconditions for running factor analysis. They are measure of sampling adequacy should be greater than 0.5 and second being determinant value should be non zero. For all the factor models ran as mentioned in table 1, both these conditions are satisfied. TABLE 2: ALTERNATIVE FACTOR MODELS Scale Number of factors Factor Model Explained variation Number of factors TB 12 e>1 76% TB 08 Eight factors 66.7% Malaria 12 e>1 75.9% Malaria 08 Eight factors 65.5% Aids 12 e>1 76.11% Aids 08 Eight factors 65.5% TB By factor analysis, it is inferred that when we solve for eight factor solution, we are able to deduce eight factors like energetic, mix of amusing and novel, personal relevance, authoritative, sensual, familiarity disliked factors. When we solve for eigen value greater than one, we deduce 12 factors. The factor structure for eight factor solution is more clean compared to eigen value greater than one solution. But, it is less precise than provided by the scale. Malaria Factor analysis was conducted and eight factor solution had a better fit compared to eigen value greater than one solution. The factors deduced from eight factor solution are namely, mix of amusing and dislike, novel, sensual, authoritative, familiarity, energetic, personal relevance a mix of personal relevance authoritative dimensions. Aids Factor analysis was conducted and eight factor solution had a better fit compared to eigen value greater than one solution. The factors deduced from eight factor solution are namely, Mix of energetic, Sensual, Disliked Amusing, Energetic, Authoritative, Mix of familiarity Novel, Personal Relevance 1 Personal Relevance 2. Difference in perception of respondents of different demographic segments regarding effectiveness of public service advertisements As can be seen from table 3, we can infer that for disease TB, the difference in scores for amusing and personal relevance dimensions of Leavitts reaction profile scale for respondents across different income levels is statistically significant at 0.05 level of significance. Also, the difference in scores for energetic, amusing, authoritative, sensual, novel and disliked factors of the scale for respondents of different age brackets is statistically significant at 0.05 level of significance. The difference in scores on energetic, amusing and disliked dimensions of the scale is statistically significant for male and female respondents. Similarly from table 4, we can infer that for disease Malaria, the difference in scores for personal relevance dimension for respondents across different income levels is statistically significant at 0.05 level of significance. Also, for disease AIDS, the difference in scores for personal relevance, energetic, amusing, authoritative, sensual, novel and disliked factors for respondents of different income levels are statistically significant. The difference in scores on energetic, amusing, personal relevance, sensual, novel and disliked factors for respondents of different age brackets are statistically significant. Also, the difference in scores on energetic, amusing, personal relevance, novel and disliked dimensions for male and female respondents are statistically significant at 0.05 level of significance. TABLE 3: ANOVA RESULTS FOR DISEASE TB Between Groups Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig. Income Levels Amusing 22.905 4 5.726 4.527 .002 Personal Relevance 4.313 4 1.078 3.216 .015 Age Levels Energetic 12.451 3 4.150 6.704 .000 Amusing 21.245 3 7.082 5.587 .001 Authoritative 5.178 3 1.726 3.488 .017 Sensual 9.145 3 3.048 5.708 .001 Novel 10.164 3 3.388 7.532 .000 Disliked 19.897 3 6.632 10.750 .000 Gender Energetic 3.169 1 3.169 4.706 .032 Amusing 12.539 1 12.539 9,578 0.002 Disliked 9.541 1 9.541 14.060 0.000 TABLE 4: ANOVA RESULTS FOR DISEASE MALARIA Between Groups Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig. Income Levels Personal Relevance 5.501 4 1.375 3.511 .009 Age Levels Energetic 10.926 3 3.642 9.089 .000 Amusing 17.485 3 5.828 9.304 .000 Authoritative 4.245 3 1.415 3.850 .011 Sensual 9.945 3 3.315 5.810 .001 Novel 6.597 3 2.199 4.206 .007 Disliked 15.923 3 5.308 8.339 .000 Gender Between Groups Sum of squares Df Mean Square F Sig. Energetic 2.370 1 2.370 5.231 0.024 Amusing 3.968 1 3.968 5.594 0.019 Disliked 5.423 1 5.423 7.759 .006 TABLE 5: ANOVA RESULTS FOR DISEASE AIDS Between Groups Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig. Income Levels Energetic 6.645 4 1.661 2.906 .024 Amusing 9.031 4 2.258 2.903 .024 Personal Relevance 7.443 4 1.861 5.770 .000 Novel 4.642 4 1.160 2.887 .025 Age Levels Energetic 7.310 3 2.437 4.327 .006 Amusing 9.007 3 3.002 3.886 .010 Personal Relevance 3.570 3 1.190 3.432 .019 Authoritative 5.125 3 1.708 4.178 .007 Sensual 11.302 3 3.767 3.062 .030 Novel 7.075 3 2.358 6.165 .001 Disliked 10.409 3 3.470 5.458 .001 Gender Energetic 4.605 1 4.605 8.024 .005 Amusing 6.750 1 6.750 8.682 .004 Personal Relevance 1.565 1 1.565 4.400 0.038 Novel 2.282 1 2.282 5.570 .020 Disliked 3.667 1 3.667 3.667 .021 Effectiveness in terms of preventive measures From the survey it was revealed that people have taken proper preventive measures after watching advertisement of public service campaigns. More than 94% respondents agreed to the fact. As per the survey people think AIDS is the most harmful diseases than T.B. and Malaria. From the survey it can conclude that most of the respondents (57%) have provided BCG Malaria vaccine to their child but still a good number of respondents are there who have yet not provide these vaccines to their child (43%). It shows that either these diseases are not considered to be as severe by the respondents or awareness for availability of vaccine for these two diseases is low. Majority of respondents (73% ) were found to be are aware of free government services that is run by government in their area for diseases like AIDS, T.B and Malaria. Discussion Recall for AIDS advertisement was highest followed by TB and Malaria. Celebrities were found to be effective in PSAs. Celebrities were found to be high in attractiveness and thus adding more credibility to the campaign. Respondents believed that they gained useful information from the public service campaigns. Television was found to be the most effective media for PSAs. Overall effectiveness of all PSAs was found to be high. As evident from the above findings it can be concluded that people have good exposure to the public service campaigns and find advertisements to be relevant. People liked the PSAs. Clear factor structure has not emerged as compared to the standardized scale. Some dimensions were not deduced in case of all three cases. Differences were found amongst different demographic segments of consumers regarding perception towards the advertisements, signifying importance of tailoring the advertisements for different demographic segments. From the survey it was revealed th at people have taken proper preventive measures after watching advertisement of public service campaigns. Most of the respondents have provided BCG Malaria vaccine to their child but still a good number of respondents are there who have yet not provide these vaccines to their child. It shows that either these diseases are not considered to be as severe by the respondents or awareness for availability of vaccine for these two diseases is low. Thus it is imperative for government to promote vaccination for the said ailments. Aware ness of free government services run by government in their area for diseases like AIDS, T.B and Malaria was found to be high. Limitations and Future Research Limitations associated with non probability sampling techniques go with this study also but due care was taken to make sample representative of the actual population. Further research can focus on lifestyle and personality factors of the respondents that might shape their perceptions towards the public service advertisements.

Les Miserables :: essays research papers

Can we really say we know what a hard life is? The character Fantine in Les Miserables definitely had a hard life, with no breaks. She had a daughter who she adored and never got to see. She worked most of her life and always lived in poverty. Death came upon Fantine while she was in the hospital wishing only to see her child. First, working, for anyone is no easy task. It's especially hard when you have a child. Fantine felt very bad that she couldn't give her baby daughter, Cosette, everything she deserved. One day when Fantine was passing by an Inn she met a woman who had children of her own. Fantine asked if she could leave her child with them and would pay. With that done, Fantine moved on, leaving Cosette with people she believed would take care of her. This was so hard for her, for any mother, and she knew she wouldn't see her again for a very long time. Secongly, although Fantine didn't get to be with Cosette and raise her, she still had to pay for her staying with the better family (So she thought they were). They would make her pay more and more everytime saying Cosette needed more clothes or other excuses. Fantine of course would do anything for her daughter and sent more money, leaving herself dead broke and in poverty. She had nothing for herself, but she didn't care because she was giving her child "the best." She even turned to prostitution to make money. Finally Fantine, after working and doing anything to make money and still living in poverty, fell ill. She was hospitalized and Valjean would take care of her from time to time. Her only wish was to see her child she loved so much. She was only living to see her. Sadly, though, she died without ever getting to see her beloved Cosette. Fantine not only died miserable, sick and poor, but heart broken too. Les Miserables :: essays research papers Can we really say we know what a hard life is? The character Fantine in Les Miserables definitely had a hard life, with no breaks. She had a daughter who she adored and never got to see. She worked most of her life and always lived in poverty. Death came upon Fantine while she was in the hospital wishing only to see her child. First, working, for anyone is no easy task. It's especially hard when you have a child. Fantine felt very bad that she couldn't give her baby daughter, Cosette, everything she deserved. One day when Fantine was passing by an Inn she met a woman who had children of her own. Fantine asked if she could leave her child with them and would pay. With that done, Fantine moved on, leaving Cosette with people she believed would take care of her. This was so hard for her, for any mother, and she knew she wouldn't see her again for a very long time. Secongly, although Fantine didn't get to be with Cosette and raise her, she still had to pay for her staying with the better family (So she thought they were). They would make her pay more and more everytime saying Cosette needed more clothes or other excuses. Fantine of course would do anything for her daughter and sent more money, leaving herself dead broke and in poverty. She had nothing for herself, but she didn't care because she was giving her child "the best." She even turned to prostitution to make money. Finally Fantine, after working and doing anything to make money and still living in poverty, fell ill. She was hospitalized and Valjean would take care of her from time to time. Her only wish was to see her child she loved so much. She was only living to see her. Sadly, though, she died without ever getting to see her beloved Cosette. Fantine not only died miserable, sick and poor, but heart broken too.